There are no countries on Antarctica and no permanent population. Many countries support scientific research stations on Antarctica. The South Pole is located on the continent of Antarctica. Because Antarctica is a polar region, one with no precipitation, it has no lakes or rivers and is in fact Earths driest continent. Average temperatures in the Antarctic interior get down to -70 degrees Celsius during the winter months and -35 degrees Celsius in the warmer months. The coastal temperatures are much warmer with a range of -15 to -32 Celsius in Winter and -5 to 5 Celsius in Summer. The interior of Antarctica is considered the worlds driest desert because the extreme cold freezes water vapour out of the air. Annual snowfall on the polar plateau is equivalent to less than 5 cm of rain. The Antarctic Treaty governs its use and management. It contains no significant vegetation: it does not rain, it is permanently covered in an ice pack up to 4 Km thick, it has the coldest recorded temperature anywhere in the world (-89.5 C), with katabatic winds reaching to 320 kph. Antarctica is colder and more heavily glaciated than any other continent, and it has no permanent residents, although there is a scientific research station there. A number of nations have made territorial claims on portions of Antarctica, however, there are no countries there, unlike other continents. When you enter Antarctica, there is no Immigration and customs procedure once you have cleared the immigration and customs of the last country you visited en route to the continent. It was the last continent to be discovered and have humans set foot on it. Apart from all that, it is pretty ordinary.
Why take an icebreaker ship to Antarctica?
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Why take an icebreaker ship to Antarctica?
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If they are designed to push their way through solid continuous ice as well, they are ice-breakers. Icebreakers are needed if there is a shipping route to keep ice free, if there are military reasons for patrolling in areas with heavy sea ice or if you need to work in heavy ice conditions, particularly in winter.
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Taking an icebreaker ship to Antarctica is an advantage. You have a quick form of transport, and if you get stuck in ice, the icebreaker part of the ship is there to help!
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